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Friday, September 17, 2021

Guru Teg Bahadur Essay in PDF

 

 Guru Teg Bahadur Essay in PDF


Saturday (May 1) is the 400th Prakash Purab (birth anniversary) of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhism.  They are known for their supreme sacrifice and refusal to bow to oppression and injustice.


  Who was Guru Tegh Bahadur?

  Guru Teg Bahadur was the youngest son of Guru Hargovind, the sixth Guru: Guru Hargovind had a daughter, Bibi Viro and five sons: Baba Gurditta, Suraj Mal, Ani Rai, Atal Rai and Tyaga Mal.  Tyaga Mal was born in the early morning of April 1, 1621 in Amritsar.  After showing his bravery in the battle against the Mughals, he became known as Teg Bahadur (Mighty by the Sword) given to him by Guru Hargobind.  .  [



April 1 is the birth anniversary of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Guru of Sikhism, who protects Sikhs and Hindus from laws that compel them to convert to Islam.  During his lifetime, he made long journeys to various corners across the country like Kashmir and Assam to preach the principles of Guru Nanak.  His son Guru Gobind Singh was the last and tenth Guru of the Sikhs.  He converted the followers of the religion to face the domination of the Mughals.


  Guru Tegh Bahadur was hanged on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb for refusing to convert to Islam.  He was beheaded on November 24, 1675.  Today, on the occasion of Guru Tegh Bahadur's birth anniversary, I remembered him by seeing some lesser known facts of his life.


  1. Born Tyaga Mal, the name of the ninth Guru of the Sikhs was Guru Teg Bahadur by Guru Hargovind.


  2. Learned from Guru Teg Bahadur Bhai Buddha.  He was trained in archery and horsemanship.  Bhai Gurdas taught him old classics.



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  3. Guru Tegh Bahadur performed penance in Bakala for about 26 years 9 months 13 days.

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  4. Guru Teg Bahadur was hanged in Delhi.  His martyrdom place is in Chandni Chowk in front of Shish Ganj Gurdwara.



  5. He made significant contributions to his community, giving many hymns and couplets to Guru Granth Sahib.


  6. His compositions consist of 116 words and 15 ragas contained in the Adi Granth.


  7. Guru Teg Bahadur travels extensively to preach the teachings of Nanak.

  8. According to a popular legend on the discovery of Guru Tegh Bahadur, a wealthy merchant named Baba Makhan Shah Labana prayed for a lifetime and promised to give 500 gold coins to the next Guru if he survived.  He returned to meet the people and gave them 2 gold coins and expected that the real guru would have got his silent promise.  It was only Guru Tegh Bahadur who reminded the merchant of his promise and thus met the 9th Guru.

  At that time Amritsar was the center of Sikhism.  As a seat of Sikh gurus, and with connections with Sikhs in remote areas of the country through chains of masands or missionaries, it developed the characteristics of the state capital.


  Guru Teg Bahadur grew up in Sikh culture and trained in archery and horsemanship.  He was also taught old scriptures like Vedas, Upanishads and Puranas.  He preferred long-term mantras of solitude and contemplation.  Teg Bahadur was married to Mata Gujri on 3 February 1633.


  Guru Tegh Bahadur sacrificed his life for people who did not even belong to his community.  Every year on November 24, Sikhs celebrate Martyr's Day in memory of Guru Tegh Bahadur and this day is celebrated as his Martyr's Day.


  Guru Hargobind's youngest son, Aurangzeb, was publicly assassinated in 1675 in Delhi on the orders of the Muslim emperor for refusing to convert to Islam.


  In Sikhism, their sacrifices are remembered with great reverence.  In the words of Noel King of the University of California, "The martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur was the first martyrdom for human rights in the world."


  Aurangzeb wanted to turn India into an Islamic nation, so Hindus were forced to convert to Islam.  A delegation of 500 Kashmiri Pandits led by Pandit Kripa Ram went to Anandpur Sahib to seek help from Guru Tegh Bahadur.


  At the insistence of his son who would eventually be known as Guru Gobind Singh, the Ninth Guru traveled to Delhi to relieve religious Rangzeb of this religious burden.  He sacrificed his life for the protection of religion, human values, ideals and principles.  Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Chandni Chowk is the place of his execution

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